This research proposes a three-layer decoupled architecture to address fragmentation in LLM applications, enabling better interoperability and resource efficiency.

• Identifies key limitations in current LLM ecosystems: platform silos, fragmented hardware integration, and lack of standardized interfaces
• Advocates for open ecosystems that enable modular AI reuse and cross-platform portability
• Recommends hardware-software co-design for optimal performance and resource utilization
• Suggests standardized interfaces for seamless integration between components

For engineering teams, this research provides a blueprint for building more scalable, efficient AI systems that avoid vendor lock-in while maximizing hardware capabilities.

The Next Frontier of LLM Applications: Open Ecosystems and Hardware Synergy