This paper introduces a role-based ethical framework for evaluating search engines as information gatekeepers with significant societal influence.

• Proposes four ethical models for search engines: Customer Servant, Librarian, Journalist, and Teacher
• Examines how different ethical priorities shape search results and information access
• Challenges tech companies to consider broader societal responsibilities beyond user satisfaction
• Highlights security implications of search engines as powerful information gatekeepers

For security professionals, this research reveals how search engine design choices directly impact information integrity, user autonomy, and social stability - requiring thoughtful regulation and accountability frameworks.

Control Search Rankings, Control the World: What is a Good Search Engine?