SylloBio-NLI is a novel framework that evaluates how Large Language Models perform on complex biomedical reasoning tasks by leveraging external ontologies to create syllogistic arguments.

Key findings:

• Systematically tests LLMs' ability to identify valid conclusions in biomedical contexts
• Uses human genome pathways and biological ontologies to create diverse reasoning challenges
• Provides a specialized benchmark for assessing reasoning capabilities in domain-specific tasks
• Highlights the importance of specialized testing frameworks for AI in critical fields

This research is significant for healthcare and medicine as it helps identify limitations in AI systems that might be deployed for medical decision support, ensuring more reliable and trustworthy AI applications in clinical settings.

SylloBio-NLI: Evaluating Large Language Models on Biomedical Syllogistic Reasoning