This research tackles a critical blockchain transparency challenge: generating human-readable explanations for smart contracts when only bytecode (not source code) is available.

• 87% of Ethereum smart contracts lack accessible source code, creating security and trust barriers
• Novel approach uses advanced bytecode analysis and LLMs to generate natural language comments
• Overcomes significant technical challenges in bytecode interpretation without source references
• Enables non-technical users to understand contract functionality and identify potential security risks

This innovation addresses crucial security concerns by making previously opaque smart contracts transparent and understandable to auditors, developers, and everyday users interacting with decentralized applications.

Automating Comment Generation for Smart Contract from Bytecode